So you want to learn how to backpack but don’t know where to start? You’ve come to the right place. Backpacking should be for everyone and doesn’t need to be complicated. While it can seem overwhelming, many good resources are available to help you get on the trail. The reasons someone chooses to backpack are varied. Perhaps you want to try a new challenge, get away from people and off the beaten path, or see nature at its finest. Whatever your reason, follow the basics laid out here to ensure you’re successful in your new hobby.

We’ll cut right to the chase in teaching you how to backpack. This is not a hobby for the faint of heart. It takes some physical fitness, an investment in gear, and learning new skills. It’s not impossible, but it does take some dedication. However, the rewards are worth it when you wake up, drink coffee next to a mountain lake, or watch the sunset over the mountains. You’ll be ready to hit the trail with some planning and education.

Backpacking 101: The Basics

When learning how to backpack, there are several categories to understand and plan for:

• Trip planning and navigation
• Physical fitness
• Backpacking gear
• Hydration
• Food
• Clothing
• Hygiene
• Safety
• Etiquette

While it can be overwhelming, bite off each of these things in small chunks. Do your research, buy the gear you need, learn the rules and regulations where you’re going and how to stay safe, and you’ll be out in the woods in no time.

Planning Your Backpacking Trip

Knowing the reason you are backpacking when learning how to backpack will help dictate your planning and needs. For example, do you want to visit a specific place? Get in as many miles as possible? Hunt in the backcountry? Relax and get away from it all? Go with friends? Whatever the reason, let that guide you in your planning, including where you go, what you bring, and how many miles you intend to hike each day.

Where to Go

If you know why you want to backpack, the next logical step is to figure out where you want to go. Then, begin your research by narrowing it down to a specific state or area.

Internet

The simplest and easiest way to start is to do a Google search. Since you’re likely recreating on public lands, government websites will be the most official source of information for these lands you’ll be using. They’ll often have maps, directions, trailheads, and other things you need to know about where you’re going.

As you dive in, you’ll also likely find blogs and other websites designed to provide you guidance. These will usually get more into the weeds of specific things people have experienced on a given path, including water sources, good campsites, or must-see views.

Books

Once you have the basics, other sources of information can be helpful. For example, books and hard copy maps are sold online, at bookstores, or in outdoor stores. They can provide information specific to backpacking routes. These books may also discuss particular places to camp or other destinations along a given trail.

Maps

Outdoor stores should also have a good variety of maps for the local area. Look for maps specific to the place you are going. Sometimes you’ll find USDA forest maps for entire national forests. You may also find topographic maps for particular sections within a national forest. National Park maps are also available. And you can order maps for your specific location on the USGS website.

People

With all of today’s technology, don’t forget to rule out talking to experienced people when you’re learning how to backpack. This can be as simple as talking to friends and acquaintances who have hiked these trails. But don’t discount going to the Ranger Station and talking to employees of the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park, or whatever agency is in charge of the land you’ll be recreating. These people often work for these agencies because they love the outdoors and can offer much insight into what you need to know. They can also inform you if you need permits or if there are closures in the area.

Throwing out an inquiry on social media may also net you some good intel. Likely, someone in your social media sphere may have a tidbit of information or a good recommendation. Just remember to take what you like and leave the rest, as everyone and their dog seems to have an opinion these days.

Fitness for Backpacking

While backpacking may seem out of reach for some people, it doesn’t take triathlon fitness levels for the average person to get into. However, you do need a base level of fitness. If you’re in pretty decent shape and regularly work out, there is a good chance you could start backpacking without much trouble. But starting from the couch, you’ll definitely want to work up to it. Take this as general advice and seek expert help if you’re new to exercise.

A strong lower body, upper body, and core strength is important. Your legs will carry you for miles with around 35 pounds (or less, ideally) on your back, usually gaining or losing elevation. You’ll need upper body strength to heft your pack onto your back, hang food in trees, and clamber up steep spots.

Here are my primary recommendations for getting in backpacking shape. Remember, what you must do to prepare will vary for each individual.

Start Hiking

Since backpacking is hiking with added weight, the best place to start is to hit the trail. Start with trails in your area. If you’re an expert hiker with many miles under your belt, you can keep doing what you’re doing. But if you’re new to the trail scene, start with short hikes and add miles as you get more comfortable. Get used to walking along rocky trails, stepping around boulders, and dealing with the trail scene. Learn proper trail etiquette, so you’re comfortable with the rules as you encounter other users. As you gain experience and get in better shape, start adding weight to your pack.

Workouts for Backpacking

There are a lot of workouts you can do to prepare for backpacking. You’ll be using many muscle groups, so anything that works the entire body is an excellent place to start. However, I don’t recommend going for bulk. Instead, go for strength and increased cardio function. I’ve found a good mix of workouts to be the best for backpacking. My favorite exercises to get in backpacking shape include:

• Weightlifting
• HIIT workouts
• Trail running
• Yoga
• Pilates
• Variations of the above

 A combination of a few will get you in backpacking shape in no time. As you can see, there really is no one-size-fits-all model. Make sure you’re working your entire body, building muscle strength, and increasing your cardio endurance.

Take it Slow

Remember, going down the trail, you can backpack as fast or as slow as you want. So if you’re just getting started and learning how to backpack, don’t overdo it. Instead, take it slow and build endurance over time. Don’t work so hard it becomes miserable. Backpacking should be fun. Yes, you will end up with a tired back and sore muscles at the end of the day, but how fast you get to your campsite should depend on going at the speed you are comfortable with, not being in a race.

Backpacking Gear

Backpacking will require specific gear. Getting started can be a little spendy, but buying the right equipment will last you for many trail miles and nights spent under the stars. There are some areas you can skimp on and other essentials where it pays to spend a bit more. Here are four critical big-ticket items to do a little research on, read reviews, and speak to experts:

• Tent
• Backpack
• Sleeping Bag
• Sleeping Pad

Of course, we’ll talk more later about all the other essential items you’ll need.

Backpacking Tent

A backpacking tent may be one of the heavier items you carry in your backpack. However, the more money you spend, the lighter weight you can find. It depends on your budget, where you’re going, and how far you travel. So here are some things to consider when choosing a backpacking camping tent.

Weight

A backpacking tent should be no more than seven pounds. But, of course, I have friends who carry heavier tents and skimp in other areas. Also, if you’re traveling with a second person, you can share a tent and split the weight. Often, this means one person carries the poles, and the other carries the fabric. On the lighter end of the spectrum, you can find ultra-lightweight one and two-person tents for around three pounds. I talk about my preferred tent, the Nemo Dagger, here.

Features

You’ll want to consider what features you want in a tent. For example, do you want one with a door and vestibule on both sides, or will one side suffice? If you’re sharing a tent with someone, entry to both sides and a vestibule on both sides can eliminate people crawling over each other to get to their side. Plus, it gives you extra storage for your gear and clothes. If it’s just you (or you and your dog) in a tent, you may only need one door.

Other features to think about include:

Rain Fly

The ability to take the rain fly off and stare at the stars on a clear night is a pretty nice perk. Most tents have this feature, but cheap tents may not.

Floor Seams

Consider how far up the side wall the floor seam goes. A seam on the ground can allow water to permeate the tent easier. I’m not saying to set up your tent in standing water, but a substantial amount of rain could lead to water on the ground.

Stakes

The types of stakes that come with the tent are important but can also be replaced. Ultra lightweight aluminum stakes may cost more but will also save weight while being plenty strong. Alternatively, cheap plastic stakes may break easily.

Guylines

If you plan on camping anywhere it might be windy (which there is always a chance), you’ll want to be able to tie your tent down really well. While I think guylines are a pain in the butt, and if there isn’t wind, usually don’t use them, they are essential.

Materials

From nylon to polyester, ripstop, and other blends, consider the strength and weight of each material. Make sure they are waterproof or have been treated to be waterproof. But remember, with enough rain, even the best tents will eventually begin leaking. Higher-end tents will likely repel water longer than cheap ones.

Backpacking Backpacks

The right backpack is arguably the most critical piece of equipment you’ll buy to start your backpacking journey. While I can’t say backpacking is always comfortable, the right pack will undoubtedly lessen your misery. Choosing the right size, features, ventilation, and padding can make or break your experience. I encourage anyone backpack shopping to do internet research, check out a few outdoor shops, and talk to the experts there. Try some on and figure out which suits you and fits you.

Backpack Size

When it comes to outdoor activities, there are many types of backpacks. You’ll want to ensure your pack will fit all your gear, from small daypacks to multi-night backpacking trips. Backpacks are typically measured in liters. For example, a pack for backpacking should be in the 40-70+ liter range. Which you choose will be based on the type of backpacking you’ll be doing.

On the lower end, the 40-50 liter range is designed for one or two nights or ultralight backpacking, where shedding weight is necessary. Larger packs are suitable for multi-night trips and even winter backpacking. In these instances, you may have more food or bulk due to needing warmer gear (heavier tent, clothes, etc.).

Backpack Brands

There are many great backpack brands on the market. Personally, I use an Osprey these days. Still, I also have a Frontier Gear Alaska hunting pack from Barney’s Sports Chalet in Anchorage, Alaska I’ve used for backpacking. This pack was more than large enough to meet all my backpacking needs. I would have kept using it if I had not gotten a killer deal on an Osprey. Instead, I wanted something a little more streamlined and a prettier color. Like I said, sometimes it’s a personal preference!

Backpack Features

Here are some additional features to consider when buying a backpack:

Frame

For years, an external frame was “the thing.” In recent history, the internal frame has become more popular. As stated above, I have both. An internal frame will be less bulky, and you won’t see it while an external frame gives you more places to tie things. It can handle more weight (like packing out quartered wild game).

Pockets

Storage matters because ease of getting to things in your backpack is essential. Lots of pockets allow you to divide your gear up for easy access as you go down the trail and once you get to camp. Consider whether you want pockets on your belt strap for snacks or cell phones, side pockets for water bottles, back pockets for other extras, etc. You’ll want to store the big items you don’t need until camp at the bottom, but have easy access to things you may need throughout the day when hiking.

Ventilation

Most backpacks are designed to have adequate airflow across your back. This is where you’ll get the sweatiest, and being able to get a breeze will help keep you cool. Different brands design this feature differently, so I suggest looking at them in the store to determine what you like best.

Padding

Padding on the shoulder straps and waist belt is essential. Some backpacks will only use a nylon strap; I can assure you, this won’t be comfortable on a long trip carrying lots of weight. It may be fine for a small daypack, but you’ll appreciate extra padding when taking a full pack. So consider the thickness of the padding and how it sits on your waste.

Backpacking Sleeping Bag

A warm sleeping bag is essential for an enjoyable time. You’ll want to get enough sleep on your backpacking trip, and being cold all night will not allow this. There are several kinds of bags to consider, including fills and warmth ratings. Each has its pros and cons. Your choice will depend on personal preference, the temperatures you’ll be sleeping in, and weight. Once you really get into backpacking, you may want several for various conditions.

Types of Sleeping Bags

When you dig into buying a sleeping bag, you’ll see mummy bags and regular, or classic, bags. Mummy bags are more popular for several reasons, but if they make you claustrophobic, there are rectangular (classic) options.

Mummy Bags

These bags are wider at the top and narrower towards the feet. This shape serves a few purposes. First, mummy bags have less material due to their shape, thus making them lighter weight and less bulky. Additionally, having less air space between you and the bag means there is less air to warm, and you’ll stay warmer. The downside to mummy bags is they can feel claustrophobic if you’re not used to them. To fully appreciate a mummy bag, it’s important to learn that when you roll around, the bag goes with you, rather than trying to turn inside the bag while it stays static.

Classic Bags

There are sleeping bags on the market in a classic rectangular shape. These will be heavier and bulkier but are good for larger people or those that just can’t get used to a mummy bag. They often come in the same types of materials and temperature ratings as mummy bags, so the preference for one of these is really just personal.

Sleeping Bag Fill

There are two primary types of sleeping bag fill: synthetic and down; each has pros and cons.

Synthetic

While different manufacturers may have proprietary synthetic fill for their bags, generally, synthetic sleeping bags have several general things in common.

First, they are typically heavier than a down sleeping bag. While there are some exceptions, overall, plan on these weighing more, especially the higher temperature rating they have.

However, synthetic bags tend to keep their loft better in damp, wet weather, thus keeping you warmer. For example, my ex-husband was an outfitter in Alaska. He always used synthetic bags because of how wet it was during the hunting season.

Synthetic bags are also less expensive than down.

Down

Down bags are usually made with duck or goose down and are more expensive than synthetic bags. This is the fluffy plumage under a bird’s outer feathers, and the majority is a by-product of the meat industry. Make sure to buy a bag with 100% duck or goose down to ensure you don’t end up with something with cheap fillers.

Down is popular because it is much lighter weight than synthetic. It is also quite warm as the loft holds warm air from your body in the space between you and the feathers.

Down is also very packable, meaning you can stuff it into a much smaller sack, giving you more space in your pack.

The downside (no pun intended) is that if it gets wet, it clumps easier than synthetic and won’t keep its loft as well. Ultimately any wet bag will result in a cold night, but you’ll likely end up much colder in a wet down bag.

Sleeping Bag Temperature Rating

Sleeping bags for backpacking have different temperature ratings. These are measured in degrees and are a general guide for what temperature they will keep you warm. For example, theoretically, a bag rated at -15 degrees should keep you warm to -15 degrees. However, there are many things to remember when determining which you get.

There are many ways you can add warmth to a higher-rated bag. For instance, add a bag liner, a blanket, or layer on extra clothes to sleep in. Additionally, you can unzip a bag in warmer temperatures to cool off.

So, the bottom line is you can get a good three-season bag in the 0-30 degree range and use it in different temperatures. If you are going to be winter camping, consider something below zero.

Backpacking Sleeping Pad

The right sleeping pad can make or break your backpacking trip. Many are designed to be blown up, but the classic, old-school pad was just a piece of foam. Sleeping pads can keep you warm and comfortable, so don’t underestimate the importance of finding the right one. I will tell a short story to illustrate my point.

Story Time

I went winter camping in an area with about three feet of snow that had to be shoveled away. The ground was, of course, frozen. I used a Klymit pad that was designed to be lighter weight. Supposedly it was a four-season, but I quickly discovered otherwise. Unfortunately, this pad didn’t have insulation distributed equally across the surface. Instead, to save weight, it had what were basically “holes” where the frozen ground could permeate the pad and then my sleeping bag and get to me. The temperature only got to about 15 degrees at night, and my bag was rated 15 degrees. Despite having a mini-backpacking wood stove we tried to keep lit, I had a freezer underneath me, and it was cold.

Material

Traditional, old-school sleeping pads were usually just a piece of egg carton foam. While these are cheap, they are also bulky and heavy (you can still buy them). But, as technology improved, so have sleeping pads (and all backpacking gear). The outer material is usually made in nylon or polyester and can sometimes be quite slick. So suppose you camp on even the slightest incline. In that case, you can easily find yourself sliding off all night (this was another component of the above story). So, ensure some “roughness” to your sleeping pad to help alleviate this problem.

Systems

Big Agnes has an excellent system; some of their sleeping bags and pads are designed to be a system. The bags don’t have insulation on the bottom but rather a sleeve where the pad can be inserted. This keeps you from sliding off the pad and keeps you well-insulated. The downside is you can’t turn with your bag; you have to turn inside your bag.

Ultralight Sleeping Pad Downsides

There are also pads designed to be ultralight for backpacking, such as the Thermarest Neoair X-Lite pads. While these are lightweight for backpacking, you suffer in the comfort realm. They are shaped more like a mummy bag and have less padding. This may be fine for a younger person, but I wouldn’t recommend them to anyone whose age is starting to catch up with them (me included).

Design 

Sleeping pads are also usually designed to keep you in the middle. They could be constructed with tubes, baffles, are quilted, or have a smooth surface.

Other Backpacking Essentials

Get my free backpacking list for all the backpacking gear you need.

Many things are must-haves, from a way to cook and prepare food to a manner to store food from bears. Other items are nice-to-haves, like binoculars or a flask of whiskey. Where you choose to save weight or add weight is often a personal preference. Perhaps you like your creature comforts and will pack an extra change of clothes and leave the whisky home.

Backpacking Hydration

One of the most important things to consider when backpacking is hydration. As with any form of exercise, drinking enough water is critical. However, you typically won’t be able to pack all the water you will need to drink on your trip on your back. After all, water is heavy. So, the best option is to find a good water filtration system and carry a backup alternative.

What is Water Filtration?

Any surface water you drink probably contains contaminants such as bacteria and other things that can make you sick. Water in nature is likely contaminated by animal poop or even humans going too close to water sources. So even if the water looks pristine, you’ll want to filter out the things you can and can’t see to avoid getting sick.

Types of Water Filters

First, water filters are designed to filter out most of what you’ll encounter backpacking in North America, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Shigella. REI has an excellent article here for more in-depth information regarding water filters.

There are several types of water filters:

• Pump filters
• Gravity filters
• Bottle filters
• Squeeze filters
• Straw-style filters
• Chemicals

I’ve used most of these and definitely have my preferences.

Pump Filters

These are usually a bit complicated. They include a pump, filter, hose, and other parts to make it work. You insert the hose into the water, then pump water through the filter and into your water container or bottle. It can take significant time, but they are effective. However, these are personally my least favorite.

Gravity Filters

This is my go-to preference. I started using these when I was packing horses into the backcountry. However, I like them so much that I began carrying them backpacking since the weight difference is negligible. These are bags you fill in the creek, then hang on a tree branch or something similar. The filter is in the bottom with a hose attached. Open the hose and insert it into a water container. The water gravity feeds through the filter into your bottle. You can leave, let it work, and return to a full container.

Bottle Filters

These are similar concepts to the gravity filter but on a smaller scale. Fill the bottle with water, then attach a piece that includes a filter above it. Next, drink from it like a regular water bottle, and the water gravity feeds through the filter and into your mouth. I’ve found them to be a little difficult to drink from, and you have to squeeze the bottle to be able to drink at a reasonable pace.

Squeeze Filters 

These are similar to water bottles, except the water container is a pouch rather than a bottle. The idea is the same. They can be handy if you want to save weight. Still, you may consider carrying two pouches since they are easy to accidentally puncture. You may also risk blowing out a seam if you squeeze too hard. That said, these are a great option, inexpensive, and lightweight.

Straw Filters

These are designed for drinking straight from the source using this filter as your straw. This is handy if you have plentiful water sources, but you won’t be able to pack water in between stops. Therefore it’s not as good for places where water is scarce. I carry one as a backup, only because it was gifted to me, and I backpack in areas with plentiful water. However, I’ve never used it because no matter where I go, I will always carry a bottle with me and a way to filter water into that bottle.

Chemicals

These are usually iodine or chlorine-based and come in pills or drops. They are added directly to the water in your bottle; however, it can take anywhere from 30 minutes to 4 hours for them to do their job. Additionally, they can leave your water tasting of chemicals. They are an excellent backup method if your filter stops working and are lightweight and inexpensive.

Backpacking Food

Backpacking food is another critical component when backpacking. It can be as straightforward or as complicated as you want to make it, but simple is best. You’ll burn many calories when backpacking, so the goal is to find foods with a high calorie to weight density. Plan on eating more calories than usual to replace what you’re burning. This isn’t the time to diet.

Backpacking Meals

There are many options for food when backpacking. From freeze-dried, dehydrated meals to anything with peanut butter, you can be sure there are options for lots of variety. Plan for breakfast, lunch, dinner, plenty of snacks, and coffee. You may also consider electrolyte drink mixes to go in your water.

No Refrigeration

Since you won’t have refrigeration, you’ll want to take items that don’t need to stay cool. However, things like cheese can be good options if you eat them in the first day or two. Salami is another item that can last longer without refrigeration than you may think. Nuts are another great option with their high-calorie density.

Consider quick and easy on-the-go items for lunch. You likely won’t want to stop and pull out all your gear to boil water for a freeze-dried meal in the middle of the day when you’re trying to get to camp. Instead, look for lunch items that are easy to eat during a quick stop in the shade.

Macros and Treats

A mix of carbohydrates and proteins is essential. As with any athlete, carbs will be your primary fuel as you hike down the trail, whereas protein will keep you satiated. But don’t forget to throw in some treats because you’ll undoubtedly appreciate them at the end of a long, dusty day on the trail.

Food Ideas

Here is a list of food I consider staples. What you take varies depending on how many days you’ll be out, how hard you’ll be hiking, what you like, and what you crave:

• Mountain House (or another brand) freeze-dried meals (breakfast, dinner, and dessert options)
• Peanut butter, or other nut butter, packets
• Tortillas
• Cheese
• Crackers
• Pre-packaged tuna or chicken lunches
• Salami
• Candy bars, granola bars, protein bars
• Nuts or trail mix
• Jerky or meat sticks
• Starbucks Via instant coffee packets (with powdered creamer in a ziplock)
• Electrolyte packets to mix in water
• Dehydrated fruit

Keep in mind this is not a comprehensive list of all you can take. But remember, an entire can of chili will be much heavier than a freeze-dried meal where you add the water. This brings me to our next topic.

Cooking Food and Boiling Water While Backpacking

You’ll need a way to cook food or boil water when backpacking, depending on what food you pack. This is another category with several good brands. Which you choose will depend on personal preference and budget. There are a few types of cooking stoves for backpacking that are efficient and relatively lightweight.

Backpacking Stove for Boiling Water

A backpacking stove primarily used for boiling water, like a Jetboil, is quite handy for backpacking. If you go the route of freeze-dried meals, it’s easy to boil water quickly, pour it into your packet of food, and have a hot meal in minutes. It’s also convenient for boiling water for that morning coffee or tea.

These systems consist of a metal or aluminum container that attaches to a stove. The stove is screwed onto a fuel canister, and you either start it by turning on the gas valve and lighting it or pressing the igniter switch. This design allows you to boil water within a minute or two, which helps save fuel. The less fuel you use, the less you must pack, which equals less weight.

A system like this isn’t good for warming food since you can’t adjust the heat levels. These can be a bit on the expensive side but are more fuel efficient. You will get years of heavy use out of these.

Backpacking Stove for Heating Food

These systems consist of a stove that screws onto the fuel canister and typically has three arms that fold out to set a pot on. It requires a separate pot and pan setup, typically made of aluminum and with handles or a tool designed to lift hot pots and pans off the stove.

You can boil water in the pot like you would with the Jetboil. However, you can also fry food in a little pan or heat up things like chili (which will be much heavier than freeze-dried food).

I’ve used both. I have horse-packed extensively in the mountains and used this system for cooking bacon and sausage, eggs, and other delights (where weight didn’t matter so much). But cleaning up is messier and more challenging, especially if you’re using a cold mountain stream.

It’s a relatively lightweight system and typically less expensive than the ones used to boil water. Still, it is less efficient when it comes to saving fuel.

Cooking Over a Fire

Of course, you can always choose to cook over a fire if you want. This will require:

1. Knowing how to start a fire.
2. Being allowed to start a campfire. In summer, in many areas of the west, campfires may be banned due to the potential to start wildfires.
3. Knowing you’ll be in an area with enough wood to burn to start and maintain a campfire.
4. A tool like an ax or saw ensures you can get enough wood to maintain a campfire.
5. A heavy-duty pot or pan that can withstand the direct heat of a campfire to get hot enough to cook food or boil water.
6. A stick to cook your hot dog or marshmallow on.

As you can see, there are several good options for cooking food while backpacking. First, do some additional research and go down some rabbit holes to determine which is best for you. Also, this can be shared by multiple people on your trip. You don’t all have to carry one. However, a backup is always a wise decision.

Clothing for Backpacking

Another critically important area is backpacking clothing. You will not be able to take a change of clothes for every day. And you will be sweaty, dusty, and smelly. It’s just part of backpacking; if you can’t handle it, this might not be your activity. However, there are ways to mitigate it, including which clothes you choose. 

Know the weather for where you’ll be at and the time of year. Just remember weather can change quickly, so you’ll want to ensure you have options for hot, cold, and wet weather. I’ll talk more about this below under “layering.” 

Plan on wearing the same clothes for most of your trip. Items to pack a few include underwear and socks. A spare shirt is nice, and an extra pair of pants or shorts may be squeezed in. Some people pack more and some less; again, it’s personal preference and depends on where you choose to “spend your weight.”

Moisture Wicking Backpacking Clothing

First, you’ll want to avoid anything cotton. Cotton doesn’t wick moisture well and can cause hypothermia if wet and worn in cold weather. With that said, look for clothes that do wick or repel moisture. There are many suitable technical fabrics on the market, and some of your regular workout gear may suffice.

Merino wool is good for moisture-wicking, and many lightweight backpacking clothing items are made from this material. It also helps keep smells at bay. It can be a bit pricey but lasts a long time with proper care.

When considering clothing for backpacking, don’t forget your socks. This is an often overlooked rookie mistake. Ditch the cotton socks and go for something like Darn Tough hiking socks. These are made of merino wool and designed for long days on the trail. The last thing you want is blisters, which can ruin a trip. Keeping your feet cool and dry will help mitigate this issue.

Layering

Knowing how to layer your clothing when backpacking is essential. I cover this topic in-depth here, but there are basically three layers of clothing you should have:

●       Base layer

●       Mid layer

●       Outer layer

A base layer goes against your skin and should be moisture-wicking. It can be a short-sleeve or long-sleeve shirt and long underwear. Or perhaps in the summer, you won’t have a bottom layer if it’s warm; you’ll just have pants or shorts.

A mid-layer is your insulation layer. It could be a fleece pullover, technical sweatshirt, or another mid-weight piece of clothing, usually used on your upper body.

An outer layer is often used to add warmth and block the wind or rain. This looks like a coat, rain jacket, or pants.

The main idea of layering is to be able to remove or add layers as it gets warmer or colder. And trust me, when you are outside, exposed to the elements all day, you will experience all kinds of temperatures and weather. 

Shoes for Backpacking

Hiking Shoes

There are many great shoe options for around $100-150. A good trail shoe is typically relatively lightweight with good tread. You may choose a water-resistant Gore-Tex lining, but these can be pretty hot in the summer. Alternatively, some great, breathable shoes will help keep your feet cooler but aren’t water resistant. It kind of depends on whether your feet will get wet.

For example, I’ve spent days on the trail where it rained a lot. My feet ended up soaked. If I had shoes with Gore-Tex, they probably would have stayed drier. So if you know it’s going to be dry and hot, perhaps a shoe that has good ventilation but isn’t waterproof is a good choice.

Read my Zamberlan 1996 VIOZ Lux GTX RR Women’s Hiking and Backpacking Boots Review.

Camp Shoes

You’ll also want to think about packing a pair of Chacos (or other sandals) or Crocs for camp. These can also be used to cross creeks, so you don’t get your shoes wet. Chacos are better for this since they have more traction on slick rocks. For shallow crossings, you may just take your shoes off entirely and go barefoot if you have tough enough feet. Crocs are great for camp but can be hazardous when crossing a creek since they are very slick when wet.

Backpacking Hygiene

Now that we’ve talked about how smelly you’ll be since you’ll wear the same clothing most of the time without a shower, I’ll give you some tips on staying reasonably clean. Again, some of this depends on where you’re backpacking since water availability plays a role. However, there are also ways to stay “clean” without water.

Bathing in a Lake, Creek, or River

Your most obvious choice to clean up after long, hot, dusty days on the trail is to dip into the nearest body of water. You may or may not take biodegradable soap with you as it can add weight you don’t want to carry. If you do bring it along, use it sparingly. It’s best for rivers or creeks where the water will continue washing downstream and break up the soap. Keep it out of lakes or more stagnant bodies of water. Think twice about using it at all. While I’m not against it completely, we must consider our impacts and if it will do more harm to the environment. You can always take a “bath” without it.

Baby Wipes

While baby wipes add weight to your pack, they are suitable for wiping the “pits, tits, and ass.” Probably enough said. Get a travel pack and carry them out with you after use.

Solar Showers

This is a luxury that may or may not be worth taking. If you’re going for multiple days and have several people, you may be able to split up enough weight of other things to carry one of these. A lightweight, cheap version is probably around a pound or two and packs down pretty small.

When you get to camp, fill this plastic bag with water, then set it in the sun. It works better if there is plenty of sunlight and it’s relatively warm. After a few hours, the water will heat up enough to take a decent shower. You won’t have a lot of water, and you’ll need to use it very sparingly if you have a few people using it. It typically doesn’t make much sense for backpacking, but it is possible.

Toiletries

Don’t be afraid to pack a travel-size deodorant, toothpaste, and toothbrush. You’ll want to maintain oral hygiene even if you feel wild and free in the mountains. And deodorant can help keep the stench at bay between lake baths. Some people even cut the handle off their toothbrush if they really want to save weight backpacking.

A lightweight comb can help get the tangles out every few days if you have long hair. I also always take a ballcap. It not only keeps the sun off my face, but as my hair becomes increasingly greasier, it covers it up.

And if you have space, a lightweight microfiber backpacking towel can come in handy for that river bath.

The bottom line is it is okay to practice good hygiene on the trail. Not only does it keep you healthy, but we all know we feel better.

Safety when Backpacking

There are many things to consider regarding your personal safety when backpacking. Dangerous wildlife, other people, wildfires, hazardous trails, and inclement weather are potential threats. Take some time to learn how to mitigate each of these. While it won’t eliminate the danger entirely, it will certainly up your odds of staying safe.

Communications Devices

Carrying a device like a Spot or a Garmin InReach is a good idea. While you can’t talk on these like you can on a satellite phone, these are much lighter weight and better for backpacking. These devices operate off satellite systems and allow you to send SOS signals to dispatch almost anywhere in the world. The InReach has far more features than the Spot but also costs more. However, you can send text messages back and forth to rescuers or just check in and let people back home know you’re okay. Both require a subscription, but these can be activated and deactivated as needed.

Wildlife

Wildlife can be incredible from behind your car’s windshield in Yellowstone National Park. It’s an entirely different story when it’s just you and your own two feet deep in the mountains.

Bears

This is the most common animal for backpackers to be scared of. Depending on where you are backpacking, you could encounter black bears and grizzly bears (or brown bears if you’re in Alaska). Regardless of which species you are amongst, there are some precautions you need to take. Make sure you know how to recreate in bear country.

Bear Spray

Carrying bear spray and knowing how to use it is one of the smartest things you can do when backpacking in bear country. Bear spray is essentially pepper spray on steroids. It comes in a much larger canister. The purpose, if executed correctly, is to inflame the sinuses and eyes of a bear, distracting it long enough for you to get away. Knowing how to properly use bear spray is critical.

Opponents of bear spray argue if the wind is in the wrong direction, the bear spray won’t be effective and will blow back in your face. Additionally, it is not to be used to repel bears. It actually smells like food to them since it is made of capsaicin. Bears can smell food and other enticing scents from several miles away. Therefore, you will ATTRACT bears if you try to use this as a repellant.

Handguns

Some people believe it is better to carry a handgun. It needs to be a .44 or .45 caliber to be effective on a bear. These are heavy guns with a lot of kick. It takes considerable practice to be comfortable shooting one. If faced with a charging bear, few people would be able to effectively use it. Most people are far better off with bear spray.

Food Storage

Food storage orders are usually in effect in areas with bears. Signs will warn you to store your food correctly. You’ll want to ensure you keep your food, cook, and eat at least 100 yards upwind from where you’ll be sleeping. There are several methods for food storage in bear country, including:

●       Hanging your food in trees in a bear bag, pack, or other bags

●       Bear canisters (read my Counter Assault Bear Keg Review here)

●       Metal lockers

Hanging Food

If you choose to hang your food, take a 50′ rope. Put your food and all things that smell, including your toiletries (toothpaste, deodorant, etc.), in a bear bag, backpack, or something you can hoist into the air. While the rules may vary depending on where you are, generally, you’ll want to find a sturdy branch to hang your food from that is at least 10′ high and 5′ out from the tree trunk. For detailed instructions, this article explains the process nicely.

Bear Canisters

Bear canisters are designed to put your food in and keep bears out. They can add significant weight and bulk to your pack, so they aren’t always an ideal option. However, if you are camping in an area without large trees, they may be your best bet. They’re relatively inexpensive and will last forever.

Metal Lockers

Metal lockers are often placed by the National Park Service, Forest Service, or other agencies on public lands with popular camping spots. These lockers are bear-proof and designed to lock your things in at night to keep bears away. Lockers work great if you know you are going somewhere that has them. However, the majority of places you’ll go probably won’t. So, don’t count on them being there and leaving your other options home unless your research has revealed you will have them at all your camp spots.

Other Wildlife

Plenty of other species of wildlife can be dangerous, including mountain lions, bison, moose, elk, and even deer during the rut. In fact, moose are actually more dangerous than bears. An enraged moose can charge and do severe damage (including killing you) with their incredibly sharp hooves.

While some are certainly more dangerous than others, it is best to give them all an extensive berth. Mothers with babies are likely to be defensive in protecting their young. Don’t touch or bother any babies you come across, and get out of there fast if you do happen upon them. Additionally, animals during the breeding season can be incredibly dangerous. Your best bet is to not approach wildlife and swing as far around them as possible.

Human Predators

While this is probably not as big of a concern as wildlife, there is always a chance. As in the front country, it always pays to be aware of your surroundings and other people you encounter. If someone gives you the creeps, listen to your instincts and get as far away from them as possible, especially if you are alone. Your bear spray will be just as handy on people as on bears.

Wildfires, Hazardous Trails, Inclement Weather

Wildfires

Depending on where you are, there is the potential for wildfires. Different areas have wildfire seasons at different times, typically the hottest and driest time of the year. Before you go, check-in at the ranger station or whichever agency is in charge of the land you are trekking into. Inquire about wildfires and trail closures and avoid areas that are prohibited due to wildfire.

Additionally, suppose you are in the backcountry and a wildfire starts (likely by lighting or someone’s campfire). In that case, it is best to get out as soon as possible. Use common sense. If a wildfire is suddenly raging where you came from, check your map and see if there is an alternative route. Even if it will cause logistical issues once you hit the trailhead, such as getting a ride or back to your vehicle, it’s better to be safe than sorry.

Hazardous Trails

Be careful on trails with unstable footing, steep drop-offs, or anything that doesn’t feel safe or seem right. Watch out for bridges in disrepair. If in doubt, trust your instincts and either find another route or turn around. It’s not worth getting hurt or dying trying to pass something no longer safe.

Inclement Weather

Weather can change in a second when you’re recreating in nature, particularly the mountains. What may start as a beautiful summer morning can turn into a raging thunderstorm by afternoon. If you encounter a lightning storm, seek lower ground. Get off the top of the mountain and down into drainages or low spots. Stay away from tall trees that could be lightning rods. And put your heels together and crouch down to be less of a lightning rod yourself.

Hopefully, you’ve done due diligence and have a good tent and rain gear if there is torrential rain. However, even those things aren’t waterproof if the rain just won’t stop. You may want to carry a light tarp in areas known for lots of rain to string up and get under. Or you may want to get out of there if everything has soaked through. Knowing how to build a fire will certainly be a skill that could come in handy. Still, in the pouring rain, it will certainly be substantially more difficult (if not impossible).

If there has been lots of rain, be careful of areas of the trail that could slough off or where there could be rockslides. Also, be cautious crossing rivers and streams that could be swollen with rainwater. You can easily get washed away.

Let Someone Know Where You’re Going

Before you leave, let someone know your plan and where you’ll be. Tell them where you will park your vehicle, how long you’ll be gone, and when you expect to be out. Give them a timeframe for calling the police to report you missing if you don’t show up. Then when you get out, let them know you’ve made it out safely, so they don’t call the police.

Backpacking Etiquette

Being a good person is important, both on and off the trail. Know how to properly deal with other trail users, respect your environment, and follow Leave No Trace principles. Don’t take them lightly; you’ll be on your way to ensuring you have a great time now and always.

Yielding to Other Users

Often, hikers and backpackers won’t be the only people on the trails. You’ll encounter mountain bikers, horseback riders, and people leading pack llamas! The important thing is to know who yields to whom. I’ve covered this in more detail here. But, again, there are several basics to follow.

First, hikers and mountain bikers yield to horses. Horses are large animals that can spook easily. Don’t make sudden or loud noises. Get off the trail as far as possible on the downhill side, and don’t hide behind rocks, trees, or stumps. I always recommend talking to the horseback riders. This lets their horse or mule know the thing standing on the side of the trail with a massive hump on its back is a person, not a monster. The riders may also be leading a string of pack animals, and it’s okay to talk to the animals softly as they go by.

Next, mountain bikers should yield to hikers. However, as a mountain biker, I will get off the trail when hiking if someone is huffing and puffing uphill on a bike. I don’t want them to lose their momentum.

Finally, when encountering other hikers, the person going downhill yields to the person going uphill.

Leave No Trace

This entire principle and philosophy needs to be studied and understood. It’s not complicated, but it does require some knowledge and understanding. Leave No Trace essentially means leaving nature as you found it. It means picking up every bit of trash, not creating new fire pits, carrying out your waste, and much more. So please take some time to visit the link above and educate yourself.

Respect Others

Typically, people backpack to “get away from it all.” This means escaping vehicles, people, and noise. So, if you happen to be in an area that is popular and there are other people, don’t set up your camp right next to them. Give everyone space. Please don’t put music on your phone and turn it up as loud as you can. Keep your voices down and allow everyone to enjoy the quiet sounds of nature.

Final Thoughts

As you can see, there is a lot to think about when learning how to backpack. While it is accessible to everyone, it’s also not something you can decide to do overnight. Instead, it takes research, buying the right gear, getting in shape physically, and more.

My biggest recommendation is to go with someone with experience and gear you can borrow and try it out. See if it’s even for you. If you already hike and spend time in the mountains, the leap may not be so big. However, if this is new to you, dip your toes in the water first.

While it can be a bit expensive to get into it, most of what you buy will last for years if you take care of it. Think of it as an investment in many great miles and years to come. The longer you have it, the more you use it, and the less expensive it is per mile. But, of course, there is always the risk of the outdoor gear rabbit hole. So, in my opinion, money is never wasted on gear!

If you found this article helpful, you may also enjoy these:

How to Save Weight Backpacking

How to Hike: Essential Tips for Getting Started

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